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Learning Aim A
Unit 20
Single camera Technique:
multi-camera technique:
A single camera is a method of filmmaking and video production. A single camera is either motion picture camera or professional video camera that is employed on the set and each shot is taken individually to make up a scene.
A benefit of a single camera technique is often used during a shoots with the use of tracking device and mostly it provides a more cinematic fell to the video. For example movies , dramatic televisions , music videos almost always use single camera shoots than multi camera shoots.
In the other hand it also has limitations that stops it to succeed. One of those disadvantage of a single camera is that it requires more time to shoot, as covering it is all camera positions and angles would mean having to repeat shooting scenes more than what a multi-camera set-up would require.
A mulit camera is a method of filming where more than one camera is used to record footage for a video. This technique was first used in Russia in a historical film but now it is commonly used in live tv programs for example football matches it allows the editor or directer to cut between cameras at their discretion.
A benefit of multi camera is that it is much more engaging and enjoyable viewing than relying on a single camera, shooting statically from one angle. In additionally the camera allows us to shoot a wide shot to a close shot which not only helps stop a scene from dragging on, but also adds depth to your story.
In the other hand a limitation to this will be is that it takes a longer time to set up due to the large amount of equipment that needs to be used and it is quit expensive because you need more than one camera and manly it only should be used indoors.
Task two research
Documentary
Documentary videos use a lot of camera techniques the main once that i picked out for movements are zooming , tilting and panning.
There aren't many framing shots that could be seen by me but the one that stood out the most for me was medium close up or close up.
The most common thing that documentary use are multi camera technique because if you watch animal documentary they will have multiple cameras setup to get the shot that they want.
Advertisements
Advertisements use a lot of camera techniques they use tracking , zooming , panning and steadicam.
The type of framing they will use is long sot, medium long shot, mid shot, medium close up and close up.
The type of angle?shots they might use is two shot, wide angle and maybe establishing shot.
I think that they use single camera beacuse they dont need to catch many different shots and they can do it with one camera.
sport events
The type of camera techniques that sport events use are tracking, zooming and panning.
You could say they use all types of framing depending on the sport event that you are watching but the main ones i picked out are long shot, medium long shot, mid shot and medium close up.
The type of angle/shots they use a bird eye view or two shot.
I think that they would have to use multi camera technique because you would want to catch everything that happens in different angles and it can be used as good evidence for decision making.
Soap and sitcom
soap tv and sitcom shows normally use tracking, zooming, tilting and panning.
I think that soap and sitcom would use all of the framing techniques.
The type of angle/shots that i think would be used in soap and sitcom is birds eye view, over the shoulder, two shot, high/low angle and establishing shot.
I think that these shows would use multi camera technique because they would want to capture the the scene in different angles.
TV Drama
The type of camera movement that tv drama shows will use are tracking, zooming, tilting, panning and steadicam.
The of framing techniques that tv drama shows would use is long shot, medium long shot, close up and mid shot.
The type of angle/shot techniques that i think they would use is birds eye view, establishing shot, two shot, wide angle and maybe over the shoulder.
I think that they will use multi camera technique because they would want to catch a lot of scenes from different angles.
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youtube vlogs and Music video
YouTube vlogs us many camera techniques one technique that they use is hand-held, tracking and zooming.
They also use framing techniques like mid shot, medium close up, close up and maybe sometimes medium long shot.
The type of angle/shots they would use is point of view.
I think that youtube vlogs would use single camera techniques because they dont need to spend a lot of money and they only need one person to be the centre of attention so one camera would be enough.
In the other hand Music videos use a lot of camera techniques but the main ones i see are panning, zooming and tracking all of those are in the movement section.
They also use a lot of framing techniques but the ones which i picked out are long shot, medium long shot, medium close up big close up and mid shot. They use different type of framing in one video.
The angle/shots technique that they use in music videos are wide angles two shots and establishing shot.
I think that a lot of music videos use single camera technique because when filming a music video it is not like you have to capture a lot of scenes.
Movements
Tracking:
Tracking is a camera of moving in or out, left or right following a subjects movement. the purpose of tracking is to be aware of how something is changing or what someone is doing and moves along what it records. for example this could be found in movies and tv shows.
Tilting:
Tilting is a camera movement that goes up or down only, the camera remains in a steady position. The purpose of tilting is to establishing shots that contains tall vertical scenery or introducing a character in a dramatic fashion.
Steadicam:
steadicam is a camera that follows a subjects movements while the camera is operated it is also used to capture tracking shots with motion picture cameras.
Zooming:
Zooming is a camera lens moving in or out of a subject .The lens move but the camera that is being used stays stationary. The purpose of zooming is to quickly shift the views attentions by narrowing in or on the subject on the frame.
Panning:
Panning is a camera that moves left or right only, the camera remains in a stationary position. The purpose of panning is to keep your subject focus while the background in blurring up.
Hand held:
A hand held camera is not mounted and therefor has jerky actions, creating a sence of realism. The purpose is to create more natural feeling for views as if they are seeing what is happening firsthand.
Framing
Extreme long shot:
This is were the camera focus is on the location , there is no subject or the subject is far away. The purpose is to establish context and setting at the start of a film or a new scene.
Medium long shot:
This is a camera focus is on the subjects body, with the subject framed from the knees up. The purpose of medium long shot is to show how lonely a character is at the center of an empty frame.
Medium close up:
This is a camera that focus on the subject upper torso, with the subjects framed head to chest. The purpose of medium close up is to easily register the actor's emotions and facial expressions while also retaining some of the background.
Big close up:
This is a camera focus on the facial expressions, with the subject framed eyes to mouth.
Long shot:
This is were a camera focus on the subjects whole body, with the subject framed head to head. The purpose of long shot is to bring the audience into a world your creating a film in.
Mid-shot:
This is a camera focus on the subject whole torso, with the subjects framed head to waist. The purpose of mid shot is to draw attention to both he character and their surroundings by giving them equal space in the frame.
Close up:
This is a focus on the subjects profile, with the subjects framed head to shoulders. The purpose of close up is to adds emotion to a scene.
Extreme close up:
This is the camera focus on the subjects facial elements, with specific features. The purpose is to show specific portions of the body, like the face or hip, but it can go closer to show only an actor's mouth, or even a single eye.
Angles/shots
Bird eye view:
This is a shot taken from directly above, looking down on to the action or point of intrest. The purpose of bird eye view is to give an overall establishing shot of a scene, or to emphasise the smallness or insignificance of the subjects.
High/low Angle:
This is a shot taken from diagonalty above/ below the actions or point of intrest looking down/up.
wide angle:
This is a shot taken from a distance in order to frame more than two subjects at the time. The purpose of wide angle is to allow photographers to get as close to the subject as possible without excluding crucial elements in the background scene.
Over the shoulder:
This is a shot taken from behind a subject shoulder, engaging in a conversation with another. The purpose of over the shoulder is to Orient the viewer and provide a new point of view.
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warm eye view:
This is a shot taken from directly below, looking up to the action or a point of intrese. The purpose of warm eye view is to look up to something to make an object look tall, strong, and mighty while the viewer feels childlike or powerless.
canted angle:
This is a unbalanced shot, where the physical camera itself is placed at an unorthodox angle.
Two shot:
This is a shot taken at eye-level, that frames two subject in the same place at the same time. The purpose of Two shot is to show the emotional reactions between the subjects.
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Point of view:
This is a shot taken from a subject line of sight, allowing the audience to see what the subject sees.
Establing shot:
This is a shot taken from a extreme distance always occurring at the start of the screen.
Focus
Focus is used in both video and photo and the features it has are auto focus were it focuses on a person by itself and manual focus were you need to do the zooming and zooming out by yourself. most people use auto focus because it is easier to take photos and videos because you need to do nothing to take a photo. So therefore Autofocus is performed when the shutter-release button is pressed halfway. The photographer can choose whether the camera locks or continues to adjust focus while the shutter-release button is pressed halfway. The setting that controls this behavior is focus mode.
Aperture
Aperture is the opening in the lens.when you hit the cameras shutter release button, a hole opens up that allows your cameras image sensor to catch a glimpse of the scene you're capturing. The aperture you set impacts the size of that hole. The larger the hole = more light enters - the smaller the hole = less light enters.
F22
F11
F5.6
F2.8
F18
F9.0
F4.5
F2.2
F14
F7.1
F3.5
F1.8
Focal length
Focal length is one of the most common uses for zoom lenses is to zoom in on objects that are far away. while this flexibility might seem tempting for getting close to awkward objects, there is another benefit of zooming lenses when taking portraits in front of a vast spread of scenery background compression.
shutter speed
shutter speed is the amount of time that the shutter is. open. In digital photography and digital video , shutter speed is the length of time that your image sensor sees the scene you're attempting to capture. shutter speed is also measured in seconds or most cases fractions of seconds.the bigger the denominator the faster the speed. and shutter speed will usaully double with each setting.
ISO:
ISO is your camera's sensitivity to light as it pertains to either film or a digital sensor. A lower ISO value means less sensitivity to light, while a higher ISO means more sensitivity.
Core assessment
1) Music video:
> Top class desi Jimmy kaler,
Gurlez akhtar and Mista baaz
Learning Aim A
Micro analyses of 3 different chose media production:
Top class desi by jimmy kaler is a multi-camera music video, the video uses variety of multi-camera technique. In this analysis i will be focusing on the camera technique and settings show in this music video.
This multi- camera video starts with steadily camera shot about 0:03 minutes into the video then cuts into a mid shot camera technique when the car poles in the parking spot . In this mid shot the camera looks up at the car to tell the audience someone important has pulled up. The impact of using this camera technique is that the audience is forced to focus on the man while he gets out of his car. panning was also used in the beginning of the video when the car moves in and the camera is stationary. When the man got out of the car this was shown in a slow motion to create suspence of what is about to happen. In the music video there has also been a use of high shutter speed in 0:17 minutes into the video a high shutter speed helps you create a shorter exposure and the amount of light the camera takes in which helps you freeze and capture quick- moving action. The audience focus on the two charter the man and the women with the use of the aperture of f/14. This aperture makes the background recognisable and also things that are going on behind it but not fully see able. Therefor, there is a pause and the man and women is the once being focused. This choice of opening scene establishes on there wealth and prettiness that doesn't concern the man but the women and this means this will be a central theme throughout the video.
There has also been a use of mid close ups are traditionally used to show us the body language of how the charters fell when they see each other . In this multi-camera video, its used to highlight the both side of the characters reaction towards each other. This is likely to make the audience feel proud and respectful for the man , as he hasn't fell for the girl and how loyal he is to his wife thats been shown at the end of video clip. As he is next to the girl the background wraps behind him, and the man shows the girl she is not his style.The choice is to focus so heavily on his body expression via long mid close up along the background editing makes the audience question the mans attitude towards the girl. In effect, it creates a sense of dread for what the man will do next.
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At 0:20 the camera jump cuts into a new location telling us the place where the song was made. This shot is filmed in the dark, lit with high-key lighting. As the shot is taken at night, the camera operator would have filmed with a low Iso so the subject were visible to seen by the audience, The light are positioned behind the singers, and the scene starts with a wide shot which captures all of the objects used to sing the song with. Then it does this throughout the whole song cuts between the scenes with different close ups. Since this was filmed with a multi-camera shot , they would have had a shot taken of the whole singers singing there song in the part. Then quick cuts are used in the editing to create the illusion of the camera switching between scenes. The combined use of wide shots , close up, and quick cuts gives the video a traditional theme. This could leave the audience visually overstimulated and/or it could make them fell more energetic.
Towards the end of the multi- camera shot video , the lead singer finishes the song with a new female character that wasn’t shown before in the music. This was done to create suspense of what happened to the female singer and this was done by using two shot. Two shots are normally used in the frame of two subjects exchanging dialog, but in this video it was shown very little. Given that it’s a music video there was some dialog between the characters that was used to connect there emotion between the characters. The impact of this, is that it shows the audience that the characters relationship should have been shown as romantic instead of them parting away from each other. Another device used in the song was Steadicam that was used to follow the singers and this technique is used to make the audience feel included that they were there and watching that.
2) TV Drama : Upload
In this tv drama videoclip , they used multi - camera technique to analysis what camera technique and settings being used in the video clip.
In the start of the clip there has been a use of jump cut to go to one character to another that's been shown through first person. This sets the scene for the rest of the clip. In the clip first person was used for its traditional purpose to highlight what the character feels when he opened his eyes and also we have been shown zooming to show the character's facial expression. In this example zooming was shown from a wide angle shot to close up. By choosing this technique, the audience gets a clearer view of the facial expression the character feel when he sees his girlfriend next to him. The use of zooming also means the audience can know what every characters facial expression and it tracks the characters emotion of what tragedy has came on the main character shown through the parents. Which is why zooming has been used multiple times throughout the show and it is usually helps technique for show with wide range of cast.
At 1:43 in the clip the character is given an option of he would like to die in a normal way or be uploaded to a virtual world. This is clearly shown to show that the character is in a dangerous situation - therefore this shows us that the character is afraid. In turn of effect the audience will should expect a brutal scene of how he get uploaded. However , the subverts audience expectation by zooming into the characters expression that seems relatively calm when he is about to die. This signals to the audience, the character is unware of what is about to change that will stay there forever that tells the audience he doesn't now his predicament. This could make the audience feel frustrated because they want the character to notice what about to happen to him.
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This multi- camera shows is filmed using hand-held. A hand-held is normally used to make the shots look more real to the audience that has little shaky effect making the audience feel that its happening for real and make the them fell part of the scene. The upload video clip has used it for the same purpose. Since this has used the rule of 180 degree this a use of mockumentary to show that this was filmed in one take. The evident for this is at 0:14 in video that shows the camera operator does a 180 degree turn to show what the character feels in all sides then doing a straight cut to another character. This helps the audience feel less confused in the scene that makes it look like its been took in one take.
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Another technique used in this multi- camera video is a low angle/ high angle shot and some of point of view shots. This has been used around 2:00, 2:23 and 2:54 the technique is used to show the fear of character when he is on the hospital bed and then the chair. High/low angle is used when the shot is directly above or below the action of the point of interest and also used to to show who is in power that we have been shown that it is the women. This is interesting because this goes against stereotype where a women is more in power then a man. The point of view shot was taken to show what the character sees that has been shown when the character sits on the chair and looks above him. This is used to make the audience feel how the characters are feeling. This is also done to make everyone's face is in frame. Since there are so many people shown shots like this was needed to be taken to see everyone's emotion. Since the camera operator has used many camera technique it makes the shots look like it's in high quality making people happy to watch the show.
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Furthermore, In this video clip they have used the use of aperture that allows alot of light in that will produce loss of shallow depth-of-field that brings out the scene that has been shown when the main hero is killed and put into the virtual reality world and many more times in the show. There has also been a use of ISO when the hero gets vaporised that then the scene suddenly goes very bright like we cant see anything then goes back to normal like nothing has happend. This is used to make the audience question if he successfully went in the virtual reality world or no.
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3) Documentarie: National geographic Wild
This video is a single camera documentarie and in this video i will analysis the camera settings and technique.
At the start of the video there has been a use of tracking to bring out the focus of the character. afterwards around 0:08, the camera takes a long shot where we can see the wolf is running in. soon after that the shot changes to a medium close up of the wolfs face. In short this is done to show us the wolfs facial expression. In the long shot you can see the wolf is hunting and chasing another animal.The director has done this to frame these body parts separately highlights the difference between the shots. This is done to show the audience how scary the wolf is even in its cute background that this comes from. The next shot thats been used is medium long shot.This reveals to the audience that there were multiple wolfs used in the documentarie. which will create a question in the audience head of why.
The single camera video also has used a long shot , that has been located at 0:43 in the video. This shot was filmed with a low aperture , with an f- stop of 3.5 in the shot the wolfs look like they are chilling together. The wolfs are given a very peaceful atmosphere to show how they stay as a pack when hunting for food. Long shots are typically used to show a characters whole body. This is the same reason its used in the clip. The choice to use this is to show the audience how focused the wolf is. The directer has done this to show what the animal is feeling and how out of place it is.
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In this single camera documentary there has also been a use of another shot that is extreme long shot at 1:39 in the clip. In the clip it has shown us a bunch of wolfs in a pack are fighting from different pride. The reason that there fighting that has been shown is who will get the food when they will hunt the animal shown with them.. It is filmed with an operator where the camera is placed in a stationary postion. This was filmed in extreme long shot to frame the subject from a distance and focuses on its surroundings. This technique creates an establish context and setting at the start of a film or a new scene. The mountains at
the background shows a competitive feel to it and turn the audience to guess what will
happen next. This is also a use of a low aperture shot and also use a shallow depth of field when the object gets clear and when it comes closer.
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In the single camera video around 1:56 the audience a given a closer view of the wolfs face on the floor.By focusing on the wolfs facial expression, the directer is trying to empathise that the wolf is about to attack and creates a scary image of the wolf be cared by his mother. The wolf on the floor is looking angry, suggesting to the audience the wolf is about to fight back to his mother or father. This sets the scene for the next shot which is two wolfs that are playing together that is used to confused the audience. The reason why ISO is important is because it help you capture images in darker environments, or be more flexible about your aperture and shutter speed settings and as you increase your ISO number, your photos will grow progressively brighter and this has been shown in the video clip.
Furthermore , another camera technique that has been used in the video clip was a wide shot that tells audience who is in the scene, where the scene is set, and when the scene takes place. Wide shots allow actors to utilize their physicality and give the director a lot of space in which to work. Near the end about, 2:51 the clip uses a establishing shot that occurs start of a scene that tell the audience a new point is about to be shown about the wolfs. In the video clip there has also been a little use of two shot that frames two subjects at the same time at eye-level. This shows the audience that the wolfs that are eating together have a good bond with each over.
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